The Livonian Crusade was called for by Pope Innocent III to convert the Livonians to Christianity. The crusaders came from the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Sweden, the Livonian Order, and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. The crusaders were led by Bishop Albert of Riga, Archbishop Anders Sunesen of Lund, King Valdemar II of Denmark, Landmeister Otto von Lutterberg of the Livonian Order of the Teutonic Knights, Theoderich von Treyden, Bishop Berthold of Livonia, Caupo of Turaida, Herrmeister Volkwin von Naumburg zu Winterstätten of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, Wilken von Endorp, King John I of Sweden, Herrmeister of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, Tālivaldis, and Landmeister Otto von Lutterberg of the Livonian Order of Teutonic Knights.
The crusade occurred in the 13th century in Estonia and Latvia. The crusaders fought against the Livonians, the Estonians, the Latgalians, the Oeselians, the Semigallians, the Selonians, and the Curonians.
The crusaders fought lots of battles, including the Battle of Durbe in 1260 and the Battle of Aizkraukle in 1279. The Duchy of Estonia and Terra Mariana were created.
Red Rose History 